Canada
Canada regularly reports hate crime data to ODIHR and regularly publishes hate crime statistics. Canada conducts regular victimization surveys to measure unreported hate crime.
Canada has several interrelated and co-ordinated initiatives in place to ensure a comprehensive approach to hate crimes through government and community partnerships. Canada's 'Action Plan on Combatting Hate' (Action Plan) and 'Changing Systems, Transforming Lives: Canada's Anti-Racism Strategy 2024-2028' are two comprehensive initiatives that fund and support a variety of government and community-led projects on addressing hate. The initiatives were developed through extensive community engagement and build on existing strategies. The Action Plan foresees the creation of a Ministerial Advisory Council on Combatting Hate, which serves as a forum for ministers and community leaders to directly engage and exchange feedback on the Action Plan's implementation, and also to discuss existing and emerging issues on addressing racism and hate.
OFFICIAL DATA REPORTED BY STATES
| Year | Hate crimes recorded by police | Prosecuted | Sentenced |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2024 | 4,882 | 50 | 6 |
| 2023 | 4,777 | Not available | Not available |
| 2022 | 3,576 | 47 | 15 |
| 2021 | 3,360 | Not available | Not available |
| 2020 | 2,669 | Not available | Not available |
| 2019 | Not available | Not available | Not available |
| 2018 | 1,798 | - | - |
| 2017 | 2073 | Not available | Not available |
| 2016 | 1409 | Not available | Not available |
| 2015 | 1362 | Not available | Not available |
| 2014 | 1295 | Not available | Not available |
| 2013 | 1140 | Not available | Not available |
| 2012 | 1414 | Not available | Not available |
| 2011 | 1322 | Not available | Not available |
| 2010 | 1401 | Not available | Not available |
| 2009 | 1473 | Not available | Not available |
About 2023 Data
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Hate crime data presented here may not match data presented elsewhere. Differences may be due to some incidents being reported through a supplemental survey that collects data in aggregate form, updates to historical incidents following police investigations, and changes to reporting and dissemination practices.
Data on prosecuted and sentenced cases will be available in November 2024.
Hate crime recorded by police
KEY OBSERVATION
ODIHR recognizes Canada's efforts to report hate crime data and information to ODIHR. ODIHR observes that Canada would benefit from ensuring that hate crimes are addressed in a comprehensive manner, including by introducing a co-ordination mechanism.
ODIHR recalls that in Ministerial Council Decision 9/09, OSCE participating States committed to collecting reliable data and statistics in sufficient detail on hate crimes, and to reporting these periodically to ODIHR. Furthermore, in Ministerial Council Decisions 9/09 and 13/06, participating States committed to ensuring a comprehensive approach to hate crimes. To that end, the relevant authorities are required to collaborate and co-ordinate with civil society. ODIHR stands ready to support Canada in meeting the relevant commitments through the provision of its comprehensive resources and tailored assistance in the area of hate crime recording and data collection, as well as through further resources and assistance on developing a comprehensive hate crime responses.
OVERVIEW OF INCIDENTS REPORTED BY CIVIL SOCIETY
🛈 Please note that the data in the charts above are based on voluntary civil society submissions and as such might not be representative of the actual number of incidents affecting individual communities.
🛈 Please note that the total number of incidents may be lower than the sum of incidents presented in the breakdown chart above, as some incidents involve multiple bias motivations.
🛈 ODIHR no longer presents descriptions of property attacks in the incident tables below. Data on property attacks are presented in the breakdown charts above. One property attack may target multiple properties or involve multiple types of attack.
CIVIL SOCIETY INCIDENT SUMMARIES
Racist and xenophobic hate crime
| Date | Type of incident | Source | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2023-09 | Violent attacks against people | OSCE Office for Democratic Institution and Human Rights
|
Show info |
Other hate crime based on religion or belief
| Date | Type of incident | Source | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2023-09 | Violent attacks against people | OSCE Office for Democratic Institution and Human Rights
|
Show info |
Gender-based hate crime
| Date | Type of incident | Source | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2023-05 | Violent attacks against people | TGEU - Trans Europe and Central Asia
|
Show info |
| 2023-06 | Violent attacks against people | OSCE Office for Democratic Institution and Human Rights
|
Show info |
Anti-LGBTI hate crime
| Date | Type of incident | Source | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2023-05 | Violent attacks against people | TGEU - Trans Europe and Central Asia
|
Show info |