Netherlands
The Netherlands regularly reports hate crime data to ODIHR. Police and prosecution statistics are published annually. A victimization survey is conducted by the Central Bureau of Statistics every two years and the results are published here.
The Netherlands' Criminal Code contains no hate crime provisions, and hate crimes are addressed as "criminal offences with a discriminatory aspect". The Public Prosecution Service provides guidance on investigating and prosecuting such offences (Aanwijzing Discriminatie), including on prioritising discrimination offences.
In October 2021, the Netherlands appointed a National Coordinator against Discrimination and Racism to ensure a comprehensive approach to countering discrimination and hate crime, including with the involvement of civil society.
In May 2022, a new State Commission against Discrimination and Racism (State Commission) was tasked with conducting research into discrimination and racism, including hate crimes.
The Ministry of the Interior (MoI) regularly consults civil society organizations (CSOs) on anti-discrimination policies. In particular, the MoI has entered into a formal co-operation agreement with the CSO Discriminatie.nl, which monitors discrimination in the Netherlands.
OFFICIAL DATA REPORTED BY STATES
| Year | Hate crimes recorded by police | Prosecuted | Sentenced |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2023 | 3,301 | 97 | Not available |
| 2022 | 2,476 | 81 | Not available |
| 2021 | 2,417 | 485 | Not available |
| 2020 | 2133 | 409 | Not available |
| 2019 | 2016 | 343 | Not available |
| 2018 | 3299 | 312 | 91 |
| 2017 | 3499 | 331 | 79 |
| 2016 | 4376 | - | - |
| 2015 | 5288 | Not available | Not available |
| 2014 | 5721 | 133 | 87 |
| 2013 | 3614 | 83 | 89 |
| 2012 | 3292 | 114 | Not available |
| 2011 | 2802 | 169 | Not available |
| 2010 | 3538 | 170 | 90 |
| 2009 | 2212 | 160 | 135 |
About 2020 Data
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Figures reported to ODIHR and presented here include hate speech and discrimination offences (or "basic forms of discrimination"), as well as hate crimes ("common offences with a discriminatory motive"). Most of the cases reported by police include physical assaults (699), threats (638) and damage to property (602). The remaining part of the police records may (194) may include instances of hate speech which do not fall under the OSCE definition of hate crime. Where multiple biases are registered in an offence, each of them is reported individually in the breakdown below. Data from prosecutors and courts refer to the "discriminatory facts" found in incidents, rather than the number of incidents.
Hate crime recorded by police
The police figures include hate speech incidents, data reported by local anti-discrimination services and online hate speech incidents, which cannot be disaggregated. Hate crimes recorded by the police can only be disaggregated by either bias motivation or type of crime (both breakdowns were reported to ODIHR) but not simultaneously by both. The disaggregation below shows the total numbers for each bias motivation.
KEY OBSERVATION
ODIHR recognizes the Netherlands' research efforts in addressing the needs of hate crime victims. However, based on available information, it observes that the Netherlands' hate crime recording and statistics do not sufficiently distinguish hate crimes from other crimes. In addition, ODIHR observes that the Netherlands would benefit from reviewing the existing legal framework in order to ensure that bias motivation can be effectively acknowledged and appropriate penalties imposed on the perpetrators.
ODIHR recalls that in the Ministerial Council Decision 9/09, participating States have agreed to a definition of hate crime shared by all OSCE participating States. It has also committed to collect reliable data and statistics on hate crimes. To that end, hate crimes need to be distinguished throughout the recording and data collection process from discrimination and hate speech crimes. Furthermore, in the Ministerial Council Decision 9/09, participating States have also committed to enact specific, tailored legislation to combat hate crimes, providing for effective penalties that take into account the gravity of such crimes. ODIHR stands ready to support Netherlands in meeting the relevant commitments through its comprehensive resources and tailored assistance in the area of hate crime recording and data collection, as well as further resources and tailored legislative advice.
INCIDENTS REPORTED BY CIVIL SOCIETY
In addition to incidents summarized below, this graph includes 7 hate incidents reported by Kantor Center as statistics.
In addition to incidents summarized below, this graph includes 7 hate incidents reported by Kantor Center as statistics.
In addition to incidents summarized below, this graph includes 7 hate incidents reported by Kantor Center as statistics.
Racist and xenophobic hate crime
| Date | Type of incident | Source | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2020-11 | Attacks against property | Israel Information and Documentation Centre (CIDI)
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| 2020-03 | Attacks against property | Israel Information and Documentation Centre (CIDI)
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| 2020-04 | Attacks against property | Turkish Forum Netherlands
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Show info |
| 2020-07 | Attacks against property | Turkish Forum Netherlands
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Show info |
| 2020-05 | Threats/Harassment | Israel Information and Documentation Centre (CIDI)
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Show info |
| 2020-11 | Threats/Harassment | Israel Information and Documentation Centre (CIDI)
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Show info |
| 2020-06 | Attacks against property | Israel Information and Documentation Centre (CIDI)
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Show info |
| 2020-07 | Attacks against property | Israel Information and Documentation Centre (CIDI)
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Show info |
| 2020-12 | Threats/Harassment | Israel Information and Documentation Centre (CIDI)
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| 2020-06 | Attacks against property | Israel Information and Documentation Centre (CIDI)
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| 2020-03 | Attacks against property | Israel Information and Documentation Centre (CIDI)
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| 2020-06 | Violent attacks against people | Israel Information and Documentation Centre (CIDI)
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Show info |
| 2020-03 | Violent attacks against people | Turkish Forum Netherlands
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Anti-Semitic hate crime
| Date | Type of incident | Source | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2020-11 | Attacks against property | Israel Information and Documentation Centre (CIDI)
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Show info |
| 2020-03 | Attacks against property | Israel Information and Documentation Centre (CIDI)
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Show info |
| 2020-05 | Threats/Harassment | Israel Information and Documentation Centre (CIDI)
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Show info |
| 2020 | Attacks against property | Israel Information and Documentation Centre (CIDI)
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| 2020-05 | Attacks against property | Israel Information and Documentation Centre (CIDI)
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| 2020-06 | Attacks against property | Israel Information and Documentation Centre (CIDI)
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Show info |
| 2020-01 | Threats/Harassment | Israel Information and Documentation Centre (CIDI)
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Show info |
| 2020-12 | Attacks against property | Israel Information and Documentation Centre (CIDI)
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Show info |
| 2020-05 | Attacks against property | Israel Information and Documentation Centre (CIDI)
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Show info |
| 2020-06 | Attacks against property | Israel Information and Documentation Centre (CIDI)
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| 2020-02 | Attacks against property | Israel Information and Documentation Centre (CIDI)
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| 2020-02 | Attacks against property | Israel Information and Documentation Centre (CIDI)
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| 2020-10 | Threats/Harassment | Israel Information and Documentation Centre (CIDI)
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| 2020-03 | Threats/Harassment | Israel Information and Documentation Centre (CIDI)
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| 2020-01 | Threats/Harassment | Israel Information and Documentation Centre (CIDI)
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| 2020-02 | Threats/Harassment | Israel Information and Documentation Centre (CIDI)
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| 2020-02 | Threats/Harassment | Israel Information and Documentation Centre (CIDI)
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| 2020-12 | Threats/Harassment | Israel Information and Documentation Centre (CIDI)
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| 2020-02 | Threats/Harassment | Israel Information and Documentation Centre (CIDI)
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| 2020-05 | Threats/Harassment | Israel Information and Documentation Centre (CIDI)
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| 2020-08 | Threats/Harassment | Israel Information and Documentation Centre (CIDI)
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| 2020-11 | Threats/Harassment | Israel Information and Documentation Centre (CIDI)
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| 2020-05 | Attacks against property | Israel Information and Documentation Centre (CIDI)
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| 2020-06 | Attacks against property | Israel Information and Documentation Centre (CIDI)
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| 2020-08 | Attacks against property | Israel Information and Documentation Centre (CIDI)
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| 2020-05 | Threats/Harassment | Israel Information and Documentation Centre (CIDI)
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| 2020-02 | Threats/Harassment | Israel Information and Documentation Centre (CIDI)
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| 2020-07 | Attacks against property | Israel Information and Documentation Centre (CIDI)
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| 2020-02 | Attacks against property | Israel Information and Documentation Centre (CIDI)
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| 2020-12 | Threats/Harassment | Israel Information and Documentation Centre (CIDI)
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| 2020-02 | Attacks against property | Israel Information and Documentation Centre (CIDI)
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Show info |
| 2020-02 | Threats/Harassment | Israel Information and Documentation Centre (CIDI)
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| 2020-06 | Attacks against property | Israel Information and Documentation Centre (CIDI)
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| 2020-02 | Threats/Harassment | Israel Information and Documentation Centre (CIDI)
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| 2020-12 | Threats/Harassment | Israel Information and Documentation Centre (CIDI)
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| 2020-06 | Attacks against property | Israel Information and Documentation Centre (CIDI)
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| 2020-03 | Attacks against property | Israel Information and Documentation Centre (CIDI)
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Show info |
| 2020-01 | Threats/Harassment | Israel Information and Documentation Centre (CIDI)
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| 2020-06 | Violent attacks against people | Israel Information and Documentation Centre (CIDI)
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| 2020-09 | Threats/Harassment | Israel Information and Documentation Centre (CIDI)
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| 2020 | Threats/Harassment | Israel Information and Documentation Centre (CIDI)
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| 2020-04 | Threats/Harassment | Israel Information and Documentation Centre (CIDI)
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| 2020-08 | Threats/Harassment | Israel Information and Documentation Centre (CIDI)
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| 2020-07 | Threats/Harassment | Israel Information and Documentation Centre (CIDI)
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Show info |
Anti-Muslim hate crime
| Date | Type of incident | Source | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2020-05 | Attacks against property | Turkish Forum Netherlands
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| 2020-09 | Violent attacks against people | Turkish Forum Netherlands
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Show info |
| 2020-05 | Attacks against property | Turkish Forum Netherlands
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Show info |
| 2020-05 | Attacks against property | Turkish Forum Netherlands
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Show info |
| 2020-12 | Threats/Harassment | Turkish Forum Netherlands
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Show info |
| 2020-12 | Threats/Harassment | Turkish Forum Netherlands
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Show info |
| 2020-05 | Attacks against property | Turkish Forum Netherlands
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Show info |
| 2020-01 | Attacks against property | Turkish Forum Netherlands
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Show info |
| 2020-04 | Attacks against property | Turkish Forum Netherlands
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Show info |
| 2020-07 | Attacks against property | Turkish Forum Netherlands
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Show info |
| 2020-03 | Attacks against property | Turkish Forum Netherlands
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Show info |
| 2020-09 | Attacks against property | Turkish Forum Netherlands
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| 2020-11 | Attacks against property | Turkish Forum Netherlands
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| 2020-12 | Attacks against property | Turkish Forum Netherlands
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Show info |
| 2020-12 | Attacks against property | Turkish Forum Netherlands
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Show info |
| 2020-12 | Threats/Harassment | Turkish Forum Netherlands
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Show info |
| 2020-06 | Violent attacks against people | Turkish Forum Netherlands
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Show info |
| 2020-11 | Attacks against property | Turkish Forum Netherlands
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Show info |
| 2020-05 | Threats/Harassment | Israel Information and Documentation Centre (CIDI)
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Show info |
| 2020-11 | Threats/Harassment | Israel Information and Documentation Centre (CIDI)
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Show info |
| 2020-03 | Violent attacks against people | Turkish Forum Netherlands
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Show info |
| 2020-08 | Threats/Harassment | Turkish Forum Netherlands
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Show info |
Anti-Christian hate crime
| Date | Type of incident | Source | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2020-12 | Attacks against property | Israel Information and Documentation Centre (CIDI)
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| 2020-01 | Attacks against property | Jehovah's Witnesses
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| 2020-03 | Attacks against property | Jehovah's Witnesses
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| 2020-06 | Attacks against property | Jehovah's Witnesses
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| 2020-03 | Attacks against property | Jehovah's Witnesses
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| 2020-06 | Attacks against property | OIDAC
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| 2020-11 | Attacks against property | OIDAC
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| 2020-11 | Violent attacks against people | OIDAC
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| 2020-11 | Threats/Harassment | Israel Information and Documentation Centre (CIDI)
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Show info |
| 2020-10 | Attacks against property | OIDAC
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Show info |
Gender-based hate crime
| Date | Type of incident | Source | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2020-06 | Violent attacks against people | Turkish Forum Netherlands
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Show info |
Anti-LGBTI hate crime
| Date | Type of incident | Source | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2020-02 | Threats/Harassment | Israel Information and Documentation Centre (CIDI)
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Show info |
| 2020-09 | Attacks against property | OSCE Office for Democratic Institution and Human Rights
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Show info |